First Law of Thermodynamics

Discovery

James Prescott Joule
1818-1889
British

1843: Meeting of the chemical section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

1845: On the Changes of Temperature Produced by the Rarefaction and Condensation of Air

Joule's First Experiment

$Q \propto$

Joule's Second Experiment

The quantity of heat capable of increasing the temp of a pound of water by one degree of Fahrenheit's scale is equal to, and may be converted into, a mechanical force capable of raising 838lbs to the perpendicular height of one foot.

Resulted in: $$\oint\delta Q=\oint\delta W$$
where $d a = a (x + d x) - a (x)$ and $δ =$

First Law:

$d E = δ Q - δ W$
$E = U + P E + K E$

Intensive:

e = u + g z + \frac{1}{2} v e l o c i t y^{2}

Extensive:

E = U + m g z + \frac{1}{2} m v^{2}